Technology and Physical Education


March 4, 2002,
Vol. 4, No.5

Conference/Workshop Calendar


 Editorial

In this edition of the Technology and Physical Education I would like to focus on various ways to incorporate technology some tech tips, more ways to build a great website, computer terminology, comparing CD-R'S and CD-RW discs and applications to use for homework, websites and a food pyramid with a PowerPoint and Excel program.

The benefit of using new equipment and program applications will bring increased involvement in school events. This enthusiasm will promote an atmosphere of school spirit. The self esteem and confidence level will help the students with project management, hands on skills and learn how to meet deadlines with a positive work ethic.

COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
  • Bandwidth - amount of data that can be transmitted.
  • Megabits per second- a measurement of the speed of data transfer
  • Hardware - refers to computer equipment one can touch
  • Software- data or instructions that ell the computer what to do.
  • E-rate - federal money that reimburses school districts for technology and equipment
  • Multi-media: the use of computers to present text , graphics, video , animation and sound together.
  • Soon, all teachers and administrators will be required to meet national standards in technology. But how will we find the time to acquire the prescribed skills? The solution is to become a family of convenient, web-based, professional development courses and tools to empower all teachers by showing them how to integrate computer and Internet technology into their class curriculum! This development system should include:
  • Interactive learning environment
  • Standards based lesson plans
  • Pre and post assessment
  • Individualized learning path
  • Electric portfolio
  • Anywhere, anytime learning

Sincerely, 

Gerry Cernicky
Technology Section Editor 


 Teaching Ideas

TECH TIP:
TRY THIS AT HOME OR IN YOUR CLASS!

This is an awesome lesson plan that uses simple LEGO materials
to demonstrate the complexity of the communication process.  Use
this to kick off a thorough treatment of the communications
process and the technology that accompanies it.  

MATERIALS

This is a simple building and communication exercise that
requires 2 sets of identical LEGO elements including building
bricks and base plates. You will need two matched sets of 1 small base plate and 7 or 8 LEGO building bricks.

PREPARATION

Using one of the sets of LEGO materials, build a small model by stacking bricks on the base plate in any pattern.  Put some side by side, some on top of one another, and some separate from the others.  Be careful to keep this finished model hidden from the students.

THE ACTIVITY

Step 1.  Lead an introductory class discussion on the concept of clear versus unclear communication.  Ask several student volunteers to give verbal directions on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, and have the rest of the class analyze what worked and what did not work in their directions. Now, announce to your students that a physical demonstration of the communications process is next!

Step 2.  You will need two students to volunteer to demonstrate
the activity.  Depending on time and available LEGO materials, 
you can have more students do the activity.

Step 3.  Have the two students sit back to back so they can clearly speak and hear one another, but cannot see each other. Position them so that your other students have a clear view of 
the exercise.

Step 4.  Select one student to be the "sender" and the other to be the "receiver."  Give the sender the sample LEGO model that you built, and the receiver the matching set of parts.

Step 5.  Clearly explain that the two students will have five minutes to duplicate the existing model, using only verbal instructions from the sender.  Step back and start the clock!

Step 6.  At the end of the five minutes, hold up the original and duplicate models.  The success of the duplication will vary depending on the age and sophistication of your students, but  this is a challenging activity!  Wrap up your introduction to communications with a class discussion evaluating the performance of your two volunteers-- what were their greatest barriers to success?  What worked best for them?



TECH TIP:

Using Mailing Lists to Enhance Home-School Communication 
While email makes it possible for parents, teachers and administrators to stay in touch, mailing lists take online messaging to the next level. Mailing lists provide every member of the school community with a powerful communication tool, one that encourages participation, interaction and two-way communication. The lists take just a few minutes to set up and cost very little to maintain over the course of a school year. If you know how to send and receive email, you're ready to set up a list. It's that easy! Using a free online service or inexpensive software, anyone can set up a mailing list to open up both internal and external communication. Individual lists can link administrators to teachers, teachers to parents, coaches to players' parents, library media specialists to teachers and students participating in schoolwide and multigrade projects, etc. The uses for mailing lists are limited only by your imagination. A teacher can create a private mailing list to keep parents informed about homework assignments, readings, upcoming field trips, what units are being taught, volunteer opportunities and more. She can create a single email (called a "post"), send it to her mailing list, and know that it will be sent to every parent in a matter of seconds. Plus, parents can reply to her post with questions, comments and ideas that the whole group could see. Other parents can chime in with ideas and comments, creating an open dialogue and facilitating two-way communication. This completely open mailing list is unmoderated, since members can post anything, anytime, without review. However, the teacher may choose to moderate the messages. That way, she can answer questions that come in before passing them on to everyone, and filter all communications. This is known as a moderated mailing list. In general, moderated lists are more effective than unmoderated lists. In a similar fashion, a school can create a private mailing list and add all parents as members. Administrators can send messages to every parent simultaneously, then designate a staffer as the moderator to screen replies. The replies may be emailed directly to the appropriate person for a personal reply, while ideas and feedback may be instantly acknowledged and recorded.  Of course, not every parent or student has access to email at home. Be sure to supplement your online communications with newsletters, memos and other printed materials. Creating Lists Teachers and administrators have two choices when setting up new mailing lists -- a free online service or inexpensive software that runs on a school PC or server. Both solutions have pros and cons. While a free online service makes it easy to get started immediately at no cost, all posts are stamped with a small text advertisement to pay for the service.
Article Continued in next column

 Featured Article

COMPARING CD-R and CD-RW DISCS

CD-R CD-ROMs made a huge difference for computer users and software publishers because they can hold about as much as 450 floppy disks. This made it much easier to distribute large amounts of program code and data. The main drawback, however, was the fact that it is relatively expensive to create the master disc used to manufacture CD-ROMs. The finished discs may cost pennies apiece when made in large quantities, but the costs are prohibitive if you only need one or a dozen discs. CD-R was the initial answer. It stands for "CD-Recordable," and is a write-once technology. Unlike magnetic media where you can erase the stored data and replace it with new data, writing data to a CD-R disc permanently changes the surface. Instead of having pits and lands, the top surface of the plastic disc is smooth with a spiral groove in it to guide the recording head. It is then coated with a light-sensitive dye, which is subsequently coated with a reflective layer. Finally, a protective coating is placed on top. Data is recorded by using a write laser beam that is stronger than the beam used to read a disc. The write beam heats the dye layer in spots, which changes the reflectivity of the disc at that point. This difference can then be read by most CD drives, just as if it were a pit on a manufactured CD. The heating process is what leads people to refer to recording or writing a CD-R as "burning" a CD. CD-R Media Colors CD-R media comes in different colors, which is a result of the different reflective materials and dye layers used in their construction. Gold was originally used for the reflective layer, but now there are also blanks with a silver layer; this actually is a silver alloy. There are three dyes in common use: cyanine dye, pthalocyanine dye, and metalized azo. Cyanine, as its name suggests, has a cyan blue color. When used with a silver reflective layer, you get a disc that is silver on one side and blue on the other. When a gold reflective layer is used, the gold and cyan combine to make a shade of green, resulting in the "gold/green" discs. Since phthalocyanine is nearly clear, it creates "silver/silver" and "gold/gold" blanks, depending on the reflective layer. Metalized azo is dark blue, and results in a "silver/blue" disc when used with a silver reflective layer. All CD-R media has a lower reflectivity than CD-ROMs and Audio CDs, and older drives may have difficulty reading some types of CD-R media. The gold/green discs seem to work the best with the widest range of drives, but you may want to experiment with different types of media if you are having difficulties with a particular drive. CD-R discs can be used to store information in either Audio CD or CD-ROM formats. You can create music CDs that you can play on a standard Audio CD player, and you can backup your data onto discs that can be read by any CD player. This gives you all the benefits of a manufactured CD format, but at a cost of less than $1 per disc, making it a practical way to archive or share data and other information with others. In order to take advantage of BurnProof and similar technologies, the CD-R drive itself must have special circuitry. In addition, the disc recording software must also support the feature in order for it to work. CD-RW In some cases, you can write to a CD-R disc more than once--creating multiple sessions on the same disc--but not all drives can read these discs. And in any case, when the CD-R disc is full, that's it, you can't erase data from a CD-R disc for reuse once it has been written. CD-RW discs and drives were created to address this limitation. CD-RW discs rely on a different technology to record data, called "phase change." This relies on special materials that change their properties based on how they are heated and cooled. If heated to one temperature, it forms crystals as it cools. Heated to another temperature, it does not form crystals. The crystalline state is more reflective than the amorphous, non-crystalline state. By using a write laser with two power settings, the surface can be changed repeatedly. The reflectivity differences between the "pits" and "lands" of the phase change materials is much less than CD-ROM and Audio CDs, and lower than CD-R discs. As a result, most CD-ROM and Audio CD drives cannot read CD-RW discs reliably. Packet Writing CD-R and CD-RW drives can record discs in formats that are functionally the same as Audio CD and CD-ROM. Most drives also come with software that includes support for packet writing, which writes data to the disc in small blocks rather than one long string. This can increase reliability, as it decreases the chances for a buffer underrun, and is well-suited for situations where you want to write data incrementally to a disc at different times, such as for file storage or backup. 
When to use CD-R discs

  • To make music CD to play at home or car
  • To copy a music Cd for personal 
  • Permanent save of large project files
  • Permanent archive or storage files
When to use CD-RW Discs
  1. To write erase, and update large files on CD
  2. To make a practice CD or test the contents of a CD








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 Contribute YOUR Ideas

If you have ideas, comments, letters to share, or questions about particular topics, please email one of the following Technology Section Editors:

Debby Mitchell
Gerry Cernicky
Michael W. Dumin

"Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing happened."
- Winston Churchill



 PELinks

For information about tech sites,
check out: 
Teacher Focus 
 Computer terminology 
 Extreme technology 
 PE LIFE 



 Teaching Ideas Cont'd

Software solutions offer the most flexibility and security, plus an absence of advertisements, but can be difficult and time-consuming to set up and maintain. The most popular free mailing list service is Yahoo! Groups. In a matter of minutes, anyone can create a moderated or unmoderated list, add any number of "subscribers" and send a welcome message. (Keep in mind that you can create a list using this service from your home Internet connection or via America Online. Your school's network may restrict access to Yahoo! during school hours.) Once the list is created, your members can access an archive of back posts, search for past messages and more. Small, eight- to ten-word ads sometimes appear at the bottom of posts, inviting members to use the free Yahoo! Mail service. Several low-cost software packages are available as well. SVList (Windows), LetterRip (Mac), and Majordomo (Unix/Linux) are installed on a school PC or server and maintained by a tech coordinator or network administrator. (Detailed information about these packages can be found in the tech product buzz section below.) Teachers can ask for a new list to be created and may provide a list of email addresses of the new members. No matter which mailing list service you choose, members of your school community will quickly come to rely on your lists for keeping in contact with one another on a regular basis.  
 Featured Website

ROCKWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT

Here you will find a vast plethora of information about curriculum, essential skills, assessment and scope and sequence. The K-12 curriculum is correlated with various levels of expertise. The categories are arranged in  a sequential manner with each area divided by the following:

INTRODUCE
RE-INTRODUCE
EMPHASIZE
RE-INFORCE

This program is well worth a look to compare different ways to add or delete skills and objectives with other school districts. It can be found  at  ROCKWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT 




 Feedback Video

Effective Teaching Breakthrough -

Not only can digital cameras be used to capture a moment in time, it can be used to display the skills of the students. Place the pictures on the bulletin board of the skills or rubric for that unit. It will show the students in action and illustrate the proper technique in real time that all the students can view. These same photos can be used a slideshow on a PC for parent conferences to show what the students do each month or unit. Also , with the necessary cables on a TV (video in and out), the pics are now viewed on a TV screen from the camera.

If the pictures need to be shared in an integrative project, the students work can be viewed with an appropriate "eye-ball" camera to permit other schools around the globe a chance to see the students perform and compare techniques and cultures.

Another neat project is called Photo Jam from Macromedia that can be used as photo album, music video and journal. First, place your pictures in  an assigned folder for storage. Follow the on screen instructions by clicking CREATE and or add music . The pics will be placed in the program and then chose a type of transmission from:
  • Black  and white
  • Old film
  • Slideshow
  • Art film
  • Negatives
  • The 80's
You can also add captions , burn to CD'S and a screensaver. This can highlight your students in a dynamic presentation......but on the family side , it can be used as a memoir for years to come in an album that can be played over and over on your computer.  

 Physical Education News

If you want to make a worksheet wizard as a resource or homework page as a website then click on over to  Homework wizard . It not only is a simple program to use but also comes with a rubric maker , quiz wizard and a checklist for skills . Here is an example of the Wizard: It can be found by clicking on the homework wizard link and when you get to the start page type in (#7504) for the homework resource that includes an expose of how to take and find the target heart rate I did with my students.



BUILDING A GREAT WEBSITE
Planning and Designing :
  • What is the purpose of the site ?
  • What are the goals ?What are you trying to tell the visitors?
  • Who is the target audience?
  • How is the audience going to view the page? The site should be fast to prevent loss of patience
  • How will you attract and keep visitors ?
  • What colors are used?
  • How do you place information on the page?
Keeping it simple :
  • Structure set up on paper
  • The homepage should organize the entire site
  • Every page is consistent with icons and layout
  • It will load faster for relevancy( too many frames or animations and colors will slow it down)
  • Text divided with lines or formatted with lists for an easy read
Navigational rules :
  • Require linking pages in a logical way
  • On each page include a link that take sit back to homepage
  • A large site needs a site map to link pages together
  • Let user know where they are
  • Avoid clickless or page loads
  • Use current links
  • No dead end links
  • Use graphics effectively
Finishing touches:
Store the page on a server where users can access
Register the page with a common search engine (Yahoo,etc.)


FOOD PYRAMID:
Create a Food Pyramid Diagram in Office XP by using the diagramming tool in Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint®, and Microsoft Excel, you can illustrate foundation-based relationships between elements with the Pyramid diagram type. The following instructions show you how to use the Pyramid diagram type to create a food pyramid diagram, and how to include this illustration in your document, presentation, or spreadsheet.  This example assumes the following elements in the food pyramid (element 1 is the foundational element, the bottom element in the pyramid): Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta Vegetables, Fruits Milk, Yogurt, Cheese, Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, Nuts Fats, Oils, Sweets To add the food pyramid diagram to your document, worksheet, or presentation

1
. On the Drawing toolbar, click Insert Diagram or Organization Chart.

2. Click the Pyramid Diagram type, and then click OK.

3. On the Diagram toolbar, click Insert Shape once for the fourth element in the food pyramid. This divides the pyramid diagram into four sections rather than the default three sections.

4. Starting with the bottom element (this is the foundational element in the food pyramid), click the text Click to add text and type the following:  Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta

5. Repeat step 4 for each of the pyramid elements, working up toward the top element in the diagram, which corresponds to the element you should use most sparingly (Fats, Oils, Sweets).

6. On the Diagram toolbar, click AutoFormat, select a style that you like from the Diagram Style Gallery, and then click Apply. (This example uses the style "3-D Color" with a blue color scheme applied in PowerPoint.)

7. Click outside the diagram when you are finished. 
 





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